Swanson,+Olivia

//For my individual project I would like to research something in modern science. I would like to learn about the ocean pollution and acidification and how that effects our planet. Then I would like to find out what is being done in science to help this problem and how that will effect the planet.//
 * Proposal**

Belli, Brita. "Resistant to change: ocean acidification is a product of our emissions, but there's little will to change our ways." E May-June 2012: 30. Environmental Studies and Policy. Web. 16 Dec. 2013.
 * Sources**

Rustad, Harley. "Acidification of the Arctic Ocean 'unprecedented'." Geographical Nov. 2013: 13. Science in Context. Web. 16 Dec. 2013.

"Solutions." Ocean Acidification. Sandstone, 2007. Web. 29 Dec. 2013.

Sponberg, Adrienne Froelich. "Ocean acidification: the biggest threat to our oceans?" BioScience 57.10 (2007): 822. Academic OneFile. Web. 16 Dec. 2013.

Wang, Brian. "Solutions for Ocean Acidification." Solutions for Ocean Acidification. N.p., 30 June 2012. Web. 29 Dec. 2013.


 * Research Outline**

A. How crucial are the oceans?

1. supply over half of the world’s oxygen

2. absorb carbon dioxide from the air

3. Regulates global climate, influence weather

4. provide food

5. Helps the economy, providing millions of jobs

6. minerals and oil are provided

7. regulate gases in the atmosphere

8. phytoplankton that grows in them provide oxygen

9. Energy source

10. Transportation

11. Natural resources

B. Acidification and it's effects

1. Acidification is carbon absorbed into the sea from the atmosphere

a.) It is an acidic gas do it acidifies the oceans

b.) This has many negative affects and it's just getting worse

2. tough for creatures that depend on calcium to build their shells, not able to construct their shell, they would die, which would disrupt the food chain

3. Kills corals,coral reefs are the richest habitats in the ocean

4. We couldn't survive with out the oceans

C. Scientific solutions

1. Iron fertilization/ hypothesis

a.) add finely ground iron into the ocean to stimulate photosynthesis in phytoplanktons. The phytoplankton convert the ocean’s dissolved carbon dioxide into carbohydrate and oxygen gas

b.) adding iron to the ocean increases photosynthesis in phytoplankton by up to 30 times

2. Increase Alkalization

a.) Alkalization is neutralizing acids

b.) Bony fish are helping this way so it's a god reason to stop overfishing

c.) As fish “drink” sea-water, their intestines selectively retain water and other minerals important for bodily functions and subsequently form pellets of carbonate which are excreted by the fish in a highly dissolvable form.

d.) marine fish produce approximately 3 -15% of ocean carbonate or one-quarter of the oceans increased alkalinity.

e.) As ocean temperature and CO2 levels increase, the metabolic rates of fishes are also predicted to increase—meaning fish will play a more significant role in the offset of ocean acidification in the future.

f.) could be possible to genetically engineer certain bony fish and other aquatic life to boost alkalization or use aquatic management to boost bony fish populations.

3. GeoEngineering: liming

a.) Adding lime to the ocean could absorb a lot of carbon

b.) Limestone has to be broken down into lime and carbon and the lime gets dumped in the ocean

c.) The lime added to the ocean absorbs twice as much carbon dioxide

//Attach as a PDF, word, or pages document//
 * Rough Draft**